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Website: www.lecturesbymarymoore.com
INFINITIVES
Present Infinitive
Role of InfinitiveExample(s)
(to see)To show same-time action or action later than the verb
Examples:
Coach Espinoza is eager to try out her new drills. [The eagerness is now; the trying out will happen later.]
She would have liked to see more veterans returning. [The present infinitive to see is in the same time as the past would have liked.]
Perfect Infinitive
Role of InfinitiveExample(s)
(to have seen)To show action earlier than the verb
Examples:
The fans would like to have seensome improvement this year. ["Would like" describes a present condition; "to have seen" describes something prior to that time.]
They consider the team to have been coached very well. [The perfect infinitive to have been coached indicates a time prior to the verb consider.]
PARTICIPLES
Present Participle
Role of Participle:
(seeing)To show action occurring at the same time as that of the verb
Examples:
Working on the fundamentals, the team slowly began to improve. [The action expressed by beganhappened in the past, at the same time the working happened.]
Past Participle or Present Perfect Participle:
Role of Participle:
To show action occurring earlier than that of the verb
Examples:
Prepared by last year's experience, the coach knows not to expect too much. [The action expressed byknows is in the present; preparedexpresses a time prior to that time.]
Having experimented with several game plans, the coaching staffdevised a master strategy. [The present perfect participle having experimented indicates a time prior to the past tense verb, devised.]
Source: http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/sequence.htm
Present Infinitive
Role of InfinitiveExample(s)
(to see)To show same-time action or action later than the verb
Examples:
Coach Espinoza is eager to try out her new drills. [The eagerness is now; the trying out will happen later.]
She would have liked to see more veterans returning. [The present infinitive to see is in the same time as the past would have liked.]
Perfect Infinitive
Role of InfinitiveExample(s)
(to have seen)To show action earlier than the verb
Examples:
The fans would like to have seensome improvement this year. ["Would like" describes a present condition; "to have seen" describes something prior to that time.]
They consider the team to have been coached very well. [The perfect infinitive to have been coached indicates a time prior to the verb consider.]
PARTICIPLES
Present Participle
Role of Participle:
(seeing)To show action occurring at the same time as that of the verb
Examples:
Working on the fundamentals, the team slowly began to improve. [The action expressed by beganhappened in the past, at the same time the working happened.]
Past Participle or Present Perfect Participle:
Role of Participle:
To show action occurring earlier than that of the verb
Examples:
Prepared by last year's experience, the coach knows not to expect too much. [The action expressed byknows is in the present; preparedexpresses a time prior to that time.]
Having experimented with several game plans, the coaching staffdevised a master strategy. [The present perfect participle having experimented indicates a time prior to the past tense verb, devised.]
Source: http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/sequence.htm