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For free diagnostic lesson: http://www.lecturesbymarymoore.com/registration-for-trial-class.html Registration for seminars/workshops: http://www.lecturesbymarymoore.com/registration-for-seminar.html Website: www.lecturesbymarymoore.com Although a gerund and an infinitive will often have practically the same meaning ("Running in the park after dark can be dangerous" and "To run in the park after dark can be dangerous"), there can be a difference in meaning. Gerunds are used to describe an "actual, vivid, or fulfilled action" whereas infinitives are better used to describe "potential, hypothetical, or future events" (Frodesen & Eyring 297). This is especially true with three kinds of verbs: verbs of emotion, verbs of completion/incompletion, and verbs of remembering.
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For free diagnostic lesson: http://www.lecturesbymarymoore.com/registration-for-trial-class.html Registration for seminars/workshops: http://www.lecturesbymarymoore.com/registration-for-seminar.html Website: www.lecturesbymarymoore.com Infinitive: the root of a verb plus the word to. To sleep, perchance to dream. A present infinitive describes a present condition: "I like to sleep." The perfect infinitive describes a time earlier than that of the verb: "I would like to have won that game." See the section on Sequence below for other forms as well.
If there is one error in writing that your boss or history prof can and will pick up on, it's the notorious split infinitive. An infinitive is said to be "split" when a word (often an adverb) or phrase sneaks between the to of the infinitive and the root of the verb: "to boldly go," being the most famous of its kind. For free diagnostic lesson: http://www.lecturesbymarymoore.com/registration-for-trial-class.html Registration for seminars/workshops: http://www.lecturesbymarymoore.com/registration-for-seminar.html Website: www.lecturesbymarymoore.com Tense shows the time of a verb's action or being. There are three inflected forms reflected by changes in the endings of verbs. The present tense indicates that something is happening or being now: "She is a student. She drives a new car." The simple past tense indicates that something happened in the past: "She was a student. She drove a new car." And the past participle form is combined with auxiliary verbs to indicate that something happened in the past prior to another action: "She has been a student. She had driven a new car."
Unlike most other languages, English does not have inflected forms for the future tense. Instead, English future forms are created with the use of auxiliaries: "She will be a student. She is going to drive a new car." English can even create the future by using the present tense, "The bus arrives later this afternoon," or the present progressive, "He is relocating to Portland later next month." For free diagnostic lesson: http://www.lecturesbymarymoore.com/registration-for-trial-class.html Registration for seminars/workshops: http://www.lecturesbymarymoore.com/registration-for-seminar.html Website: www.lecturesbymarymoore.com Causative verbs designate the action necessary to cause another action to happen. In "The devil made me do it." the verb "made" causes the "do" to happen. Here is a brief list of causative verbs, in no particular order: let, help, allow, have, require, allow, motivate, get, make, convince, hire, assist, encourage, permit, employ, force. Most of them are followed by an object (noun or pronoun) followed by an infinitive: "She allows her pet cockatiel to perch on the windowsill. She hired a carpenter to build a new birdcage."
For free diagnostic lesson: http://www.lecturesbymarymoore.com/registration-for-trial-class.html Registration for seminars/workshops: http://www.lecturesbymarymoore.com/registration-for-seminar.html Website: www.lecturesbymarymoore.com Mood in verbs refers to one of three attitudes that a writer or speaker has to what is being written or spoken. The indicative mood, which describes most sentences on this page, is used to make a statement or ask a question. The imperative mood is used when we're feeling sort of bossish and want to give a directive, strong suggestion, or order: For free diagnostic lesson: http://www.lecturesbymarymoore.com/registration-for-trial-class.html Registration for seminars/workshops: http://www.lecturesbymarymoore.com/registration-for-seminar.html Website: www.lecturesbymarymoore.com Passive Verb Formation
The passive forms of a verb are created by combining a form of the "to be verb" with the past participle of the main verb. Other helping verbs are also sometimes present: "The measure could have been killed in committee." The passive can be used, also, in various tenses. Let's take a look at the passive forms of "design." For free diagnostic lesson: http://www.lecturesbymarymoore.com/registration-for-trial-class.html Registration for seminars/workshops: http://www.lecturesbymarymoore.com/registration-for-seminar.html Website: www.lecturesbymarymoore.com Passive and Active Voices
Verbs are also said to be either active (The executive committee approved the new policy) or passive (The new policy was approved by the executive committee) in voice. In the active voice, the subject and verb relationship is straightforward: the subject is a be-er or a do-er and the verb moves the sentence along. In the passive voice, the subject of the sentence is neither a do-er or a be-er, but is acted upon by some other agent or by something unnamed (The new policy was approved). Computerized grammar checkers can pick out a passive voice construction from miles away and ask you to revise it to a more active construction. There is nothing inherently wrong with the passive voice, but if you can say the same thing in the active mode, do so (see exceptions below). Your text will have more pizzazz as a result, since passive verb constructions tend to lie about in their pajamas and avoid actual work. For free diagnostic lesson: http://www.lecturesbymarymoore.com/registration-for-trial-class.html Registration for seminars/workshops: http://www.lecturesbymarymoore.com/registration-for-seminar.html Website: www.lecturesbymarymoore.com Four Verb Forms
The inflections (endings) of English verb forms are not difficult to remember. There are only four basic forms. Instead of forming complex tense forms with endings, English uses auxiliary verb forms. English does not even have a proper ending for future forms; instead, we use auxiliaries such as "I am going to read this afternoon." or "I will read." or even "I am reading this book tomorrow." It would be useful, however, to learn these four basic forms of verb construction. For free diagnostic lesson: http://www.lecturesbymarymoore.com/registration-for-trial-class.html Registration for seminars/workshops: http://www.lecturesbymarymoore.com/registration-for-seminar.html Website: www.lecturesbymarymoore.com Definitions: Verbs carry the idea of being or action in the sentence.
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Mary MooreInternational Lecturer of Lectures International by Mary Moore Archives
September 2013
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